William Byrd of Westover discovers the frontier lubber
The first literary portrait of the poor-white
Literature introduces antebellum America to the poor-white
View from the plantation porch: George Tucker and William A. Caruthers
William Gilmore Simms, the Charleston ideal, and the squatter
Northern conception of po' white trash: James R. Gilmore and Mrs. Stowe
Southern comic portraits of crackers, woolhats, and dirt-eaters
The South claims the poor-white for war and literature
The poor-white in the Civil War and Reconstruction
Post-war northern report on the poor-white: Albion W. Tourgee and John W. DeForest
Yankee interest in the New South and the poor-white
Sentimental and heroic poor-white: Joel Chandler Harris and Thomas Nelson Page
Old-South humor with New-South sentiment: Richard Malcolm Johnston and others.
Picturesque backgrounds and Louisiana Cajuns: George W. Cable and Kate Chopin
Naturalistic material and local-color method: Alice French and her Arkansas rednecks
America makes the poor-white a cause and a literary vogue
Tenant and sharecropper: the contemporary poor-white
Poor-white and the second literary revival in the South
Local color once more: Marjorie Rawlings' re-discovery of the Florida cracker
Criticism and propaganda: Ellen Glasgow to T.S. Stribling
Sensibility and realism: Edith S. Kelley, Elizabeth Madox Roberts, and Paul Green
Naturalistic modes: the gothic, the ribald, and the tragic: William Faulkner and Erskine Caldwell
Backward glance over the poor-white's story.
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